Genetic and modifiable risk factors affect brain regions vulnerable to aging and diseases like Alzheimer’s and schizophrenia. Key factors include diabetes, traffic-related air pollution, and alcohol intake. Modifying these risk factors could help protect these fragile brain regions, promoting healthier ageing.
March 2024 – Nature Communications
Key takeaways
- Genetic and modifiable risk factors: Genetic factors and lifestyle choices play a crucial role in the health of brain regions vulnerable to ageing. Diabetes, air pollution (especially nitrogen dioxide), and frequent alcohol intake are identified as significant risks. Addressing these factors through lifestyle changes and medical interventions can mitigate their detrimental effects on the brain
- Brain vulnerability: Certain higher-order brain regions show accelerated degeneration compared to the rest of the brain, making them particularly susceptible to age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s and schizophrenia. These regions are involved in critical cognitive functions such as working memory and attention, and their early decline can lead to significant cognitive impairments
- Preventative strategies: By focusing on modifiable risk factors, it is possible to develop strategies that protect these fragile brain regions. For instance, managing diabetes, reducing exposure to air pollution, and moderating alcohol consumption can help maintain brain health. Such preventative measures could enhance overall cognitive function and support healthier ageing
- Unique genetic associations: The study highlights seven genetic clusters associated with the vulnerability of these brain regions. These clusters include genes involved in immune response, tau protein regulation, and metal transport. Understanding these genetic associations provides insight into the biological mechanisms underlying brain ageing and disease, paving the way for targeted therapies and interventions to promote brain health and longevity
Read the article at: Manuello, Jordi, et al. “The effects of genetic and modifiable risk factors on brain regions vulnerable to ageing and disease.” Nature Communications, vol. 15, 2024, p. 2576, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46344-2.
