G4-DNA reveals a new molecular key to memory

Dynamic DNA structure controls memory formation by switching genes on and off. A specific DNA shape, G-quadruplex (G4-DNA), builds up in neurons during learning and regulates memory-related gene activity. Adjusting this structure alters memory formation, highlighting a new molecular mechanism underpinning brain plasticity and cognitive health.

Ageing disrupts brain cell recycling and barrier function

Ageing disrupts vesicle transport in brain endothelial cells, impairing cellular recycling and barrier integrity. This dysfunction, linked to decreased Arf6 protein and increased Apoe cargo, accelerates vascular ageing and may contribute to neurodegenerative decline, highlighting a crucial mechanism in brain health and longevity.

MIND diet may protect against dementia and death

Greater long-term adherence to the MIND diet is linked with slower biological ageing and a lower risk of dementia and death, with part of this protection mediated through reduced systemic ageing, as measured by a DNA methylation biomarker.

What aged organ transplants reveal about accelerated ageing

Transplanting older organs into younger recipients accelerates physical and cognitive decline by spreading cellular senescence, driven by factors like mitochondrial DNA. Treating donor organs with senolytics before transplantation reduces this impact, offering a promising strategy to improve health outcomes.

Reducing isoleucine boosts metabolic health and longevity

Limiting dietary isoleucine, an amino acid, boosts metabolic health, reduces frailty, and extends lifespan in genetically diverse mice, especially males. Starting this restriction in mid-life enhances healthspan without calorie reduction, suggesting that protein quality, specifically amino acid composition, may be crucial for promoting healthy ageing and increasing longevity.

Reprogramming brain immune cells to restore function after stroke

A single transcription factor, NeuroD1, enables the direct conversion of brain-resident immune cells into functional neurons after stroke, restoring lost neurological function. This breakthrough shows promise for regenerating brain tissue, offering a potential future therapy for age-related neurodegeneration and stroke-induced disabilities by replenishing neurons within damaged areas.

Vision loss could signal dementia risk in older adults

Older adults in the US with objectively measured visual impairments, especially multiple types, were significantly more likely to experience dementia, highlighting vision health as a potential lever for preserving cognitive function.